What recovery-oriented practices should a PSS emphasize in planning with a client?

• A. Directive goal-setting by the clinician.
• B. Passive listening with no goals.
• C. All goals set by the supervisor.
• D. Hope, person-centered planning, self-directed goals, strengths-based approach, and collaborative decision making.

Answer: (D)

Recovery-oriented planning focuses on supporting the client’s voice, choices, and strengths, and building plans together rather than imposing goals. The best approach emphasizes hope, person-centered planning, self-directed goals, a strengths-based approach, and collaborative decision making. This aligns with recovery values by fostering motivation through hope, ensuring plans relate to what matters to the person, promoting ownership over goals, building on what the person can do well, and making decisions jointly with the client and relevant supports.

The other approaches miss these core elements: directing goals by the clinician can undermine autonomy and empowerment; simply listening without establishing goals leaves the client without direction or measurable progress; and having all goals set by a supervisor removes the client’s input and self-determination, which are central to recovery. A Peer Support Specialist would facilitate a collaborative process that helps the client articulate personal goals and action steps that align with their strengths and preferences.